We're looking for a neat, meticulous person to help us rack and wire some servers next week, on Tuesday and Wednesday. The tasks are unboxing, carrying, mounting, screwing, wiring, and testing the servers.  Pay is $20/hour, duration is until we're done, location is in Waltham (we'll pay for your transport).

If you're interested, send mail to pzb@novell.com and mention any relevant experience or skills.

Yesterday morning I proposed a contest to create the best one-line program that would fit inside Twitter's 140-character buffer. To kick things off, I wrote this 105-character script which displays a small animation:

s="-<";while true;do echo -ne "$s\r";s=`sed 's/->$/-<-/;s/^</>/;s/-</<-/;s/>-/->/;'<<<$s`;sleep 0.1;done

Arturo (or Pupi as his friends call him) wrote a 135-character morse code decoder in shell:

m=etianmsurwdkgohvf?l?pjbxcyzq;p=0;while read -sn1 c;do [ -z "$c" ]&&p=0&&echo&&continue;let p+=c;echo -ne \\b${m:$p:1};let p+=p+2;done

Press '0′ for dot, '1′ for dash, and hit space (or enter) as a char separator. Wow!

I learned a few tricks from Arturo's script. First, he uses the ${} braces operator to take substrings, like so:

${var:offset:length}

This is incredibly useful! You can actually do shell arithmetic in the offset and length parameters, too. So for example,

${var:i+1:a-3}

is valid for shell variables $i and $a. And to find the length of a string, you can use:

${#str}

So str="foobar"; echo ${#str} will print "6". You can read more about the braces operator in the bash info page.

Another thing I learned from Arturo's script is the versatility of the 'read’ builtin in bash. Pupi uses the -s argument, which causes read not to echo its input (useful for inputting passwords) and -n1 which tells it to only read one character. Also, Arturo uses [ test] && operation, which is a handy short-hand for an if statement in shell (and other languages).

Pádraig Brady wrote this excellent screensaver:

tr -c "[:digit:]" " " < /dev/urandom | dd cbs=$COLUMNS conv=lcase,unblock | GREP_COLOR="1;32" grep --color "[^ ]"

Pádraig makes use of the square-brace character class operator in tr(1) to filter out all the numerals, which bash also supports.

Building on what I learned from Pupi, here is one I wrote that I call paint.sh:

c=12322123;x=20;y=20;while read -sn1 p;do k=${c:(p-1)*2:2};let x+=$((k/10-2));let y+=$((k%10-2));echo -en \\033[$y\;"$x"HX;done

Use the 1 2 3 and 4 keys to move the cursor around the screen. It's an etch-a-sketch for your terminal! You can see that I made use of the read -sn1 trick from pupi as well as the braces operator to substring. I also used ANSI escape codes to position the cursor.

And this is one I call rockband.sh (Updated - works much better now!):

while read -sn1 p;do s="";for((i=0;i<$p;i++));do s=x$s;done; yes $s > /dev/audio&sleep 0.1;kill %%;done

Use the number keys to play different tones. When you're done, hit Control-c.

The way it works is that the ASCII value of each character you send to /dev/audio specifies the excursion of the speaker diaphragm (roughly). The 'yes’ command prints whatever string you give it, followed by a newline character (ASCII 13, pretty low), over and over again. So the longer the string of 'x’ characters you pass to 'yes', and which 'yes’ prints between newlines, the slower the oscillation of the speaker diaphragm, and the lower the tone. Neat, huh? I learned this trick from my boyhood friend Edward Loper many years ago.

And here's the last one I wrote:

s=" #55755071317011117011117075557";for i in `seq 2 $((${#s}-1))`; do k=${s:i:1}; for b in 1 2 4; do echo -n "${s:(k&b)/b:1}"; done; echo; done

Miguel submitted this tiny function plotter:

for x in `seq -1 .05 1`; do y=`echo "s($x*8)*10+10" | bc -l`; for p in `seq 0 $y`; do echo -n " "; done; echo "*" ;done

And here's another plot:

for x in `seq -5 .5 5`; do y=`echo "$x*$x" | bc`; for p in `seq 0 $y`; do echo -n " "; done; echo "*" ;done

Those last three scripts make use of the venerable "seq" command to generate a series of numbers. Miguel uses fractional steps, but if you only need integers you can also use braces in shell, like this:

sum=0;for i in {1..100}; do let sum+=i; done; echo $sum

Ryan Paul of ArsTechnica fame wrote this Ruby script:

proc{|f|f[proc{|x|x+1},0]}[proc{|x,y|proc{|f,z|x[proc{|w|y[f,w]},z]}}[proc{|f,x|f[f[f[f[f[f[f[x]]]]]]]},proc{|f,x|f[f[f[f[f[f[x]]]]]]}]]

Ryan is using the "proc" primitive in Ruby, which allows you to create an anonymous function (like lambda in lisp), and which I didn't know about even though I've been coding Ruby off and on the last few months. He uses Church encoding to encode the numbers 7 and 6, and lambda calculus to multiply them, thus confirming that he is the most awesome IT journalist working today.

Finally, Jay Wren sent in this C program:

main(x,y){for(;x++;) for(y=2;x%y;)printf( ++y/x+"\0%d\n",x);}

of which he is not the original author (and which I suspect was an IOCCC entry), but which is a very compact way of generating all the prime numbers. The author uses the args to main to save space on variable declaration, and the leading null-terminator in the string is a really clever way to select whether or not to print the output without an if statement. Lots of cleverness in there (though the algorithm to find primes is just brute force).

There were too many good entries to declare a winner, and maybe a contest was the wrong idea anyway. But this was a lot of fun. If you want to send me a script on twitter, be sure to send a "@natfriedman" message after, so that I notice you.

At dinner during a recent meeting of Democrats Abroad in Brussels, an articulate American investment banker from London recounted the story of a visit he'd made to a Republican gathering in the US where he learned that the unofficial motto of the Republican party is:

Guns, Guts and God make America great. Republican Party.

This pithy catchphrase impressed me. In 9 words it defines a coalition of voters (church-goers, rural gun-owners, and military families), emphasizes strong patriotism, and sketches a personality that's instantly familiar to many people.

"So," he went on to ask, "what's the analogous slogan for Democrats?"

There were a lot of intelligent people at the table, and murmured discussion followed. The closest anyone could get to a counterpart was the familiar "Strength through diversity." But it doesn't pack the rhetorical punch of the Republican slogan. In fact, it could be cynically interpreted as another way of saying "We couldn't agree on a motto."

I found myself wondering whether this was an inherent state of affairs. In a two-party system, if one party comprises a well-defined coalition, the other party could end up picking up the scraps — and be left with such a diverse group of members that it would have trouble expressing common cause, except "we're not them."

Or maybe a group defined by its tolerance, rationality, and empiricism simply can't deliver the kind of bumper-sticker policy positions as the Republican party.

Certainly the division we see right now between the Obama and Clinton supporters hasn't happened in the Republican party, despite the fact that McCain is despised by many conservatives.

I was reminded of another quote I read recently:

A conservative is a liberal who got mugged and a liberal is a conservative who got arrested.

There's a symmetry in here which would seem to point the way to some kind of catchphrase.

Liberal political groups in other parts of the world manage to cohere well, and to express themselves compellingly.

Can you come up with a catchy slogan for the Democratic Party?

There are about 3 billion nucleotides in the 23 chromosomes of human DNA. For each nucleotide, there are four different nucleic acids (G, C, T, and A) to choose from, so each nucleotide contains 2 bits of information, and the total (uncompressed) data in the human DNA is about 715 Megabytes. Only about 3% of all human DNA actually codes for proteins, and the rest is ignored and generally referred to as "junk DNA."

So the total genetic information necessary to fully specify a human is about 25 Megabytes.

That's it! And that's before compression. I definitely have tarballs of source code that are bigger than that. You could fit your whole family and all of your friends on your iPod (Update: Jamie pointed out that this doesn't include the DNA to specify all of the bacteria in our digestive tracts without which we couldn't survive, more details in the comments). (Update: I've recently made friends with some biologists who tell me that the concept of "junk DNA" is now widely disputed, and that much of the non-protein-coding DNA are control data. Also, just because we don't know what it does, doesn't mean that it's junk.  In any case, 715Mb is still a relatively small amount of data — a little more than one TV show downloaded from iTunes.)

Most non-junk DNA is identical across the human population. A protein-coding nucleotide which varies in more than 1% of the population is called a SNP, or Single Nucleotide Polymorphism. Of the 90 million protein-coding bases in our chromosomes, there are maybe 3 million SNPs coding for differences like eye color and sickle-cell anaemia.

There are now a few companies offering low-cost partial sequencing of your DNA by mail. Mostly these companies act as front-ends to a couple labs (Illumina and Affymetrix) that use chip-based sequencing machines to sample between 500k and a million nucleotide variations (SNPs) from your chromosomes. You FedEx them a test tube full of your saliva, they send it off to a lab to get your cells cultured and your DNA sequenced, and then they put your genetic information online for you to view. Cool, right?

The best-known of the personal genomics companies is 23andme, but there's also DecodeMe and Navigenics. They charge about $1000 to decode 500k bases, which is about 120 kilobytes of genetic information. That's a cost of about 0.2 cents per base or 0.8 cents per byte. That is a lot cheaper than it used to be, and the cost of decoding a nucleotide is dropping exponentially on curves reminiscent of Moore's Law.

The various personal genomics companies don't let you donwload all your raw SNP data; they map the base pairs to a handful of genes and in the end you only get a few bytes of actual data. They also look at your mitochondrial DNA (which is passed to you from your mother directly in her egg cell that becomes you) and some little bits on the Y chromosome that don't change between individuals to determine your likely ancestry. At least, that's what I've gathered from their web sites.

But I'll let you know soon! My spit kit arrived from 23andme yesterday and they should have my DNA on-line for me to view in about 6 weeks.

When you order the kit, you have to read through some pretty interesting disclaimers:

You give permission to 23andMe, its contractors, and assignees to perform genotyping services on the DNA extracted from your saliva sample and to disclose the results of analyses performed on your DNA to you and others you specifically authorize. You are guaranteeing that the sample you provide is your saliva; if you are completing this consent form on behalf of a person for whom you have legal authorization, you are confirming that the sample provided will be the sample of that person. If you are a customer outside the U.S., by providing your sample, you confirm that this act is not subject to any export ban or restriction in the country in which you reside. You are warranting that you are not an insurance company or an employer attempting to obtain information about an insured person or an employee. You are aware that some of the information you receive may provoke strong emotion.

Personally I think having more information about myself can only be a good thing. Because you can act on it. A gene coding for a prostate cancer predisposition isn't a death sentence — it's a call to action. Eat better, get exercise, get checked every year after you're 40. That sort of thing.

The New York Times has an article about these personal DNA services.

Thanks to everyone who contributed; we managed to pull in $5600 for Barack Obama the last few weeks. The money came from 39 different people, and the mean donation was $143.60. It took 20 days to raise this money, at a rate of $280/day. Interestingly, most of the money was raised the old-fashioned way — by pestering my friends on IM and Facebook — and only $1800 came in via my blog.

If you still want to donate, go here.

Also, I was lucky enough to get to meet the Senator a couple of weeks ago at a lunch in Boston. The campaign photographer sent me the photo last week:

One of the things the next president has to do is to stop fanning people’s fears. If we spend all our time feeding the American people fear and conflict and division then they become fearful and conflicted and divided. If we feed them hope and we feed them reason and tolerance then they will become tolerant and reasonable and hopeful.

If you're like me, you spent a fair bit of the last seven years being unhappy about the state of our government and complaining about the terrible acts being done in our name, but you spent pretty much no time at all actually doing anything about it.

So, this year I've resolved to try to transform some portion of that negative energy into positive action, and the man who's convinced me to do it is Barack Obama.

Thus! For your consideration, I offer:

• Obama's 2002 speech against the Iraq war, when most of the country was calling for invasion.
• Obama's victory speech after winning the Iowa caucuses last week.
• This thought from one of the debates.

I don't agree with every single one of Senator Obama's campaign positions, but I agree with many of them. And most importantly, I believe that Obama has the capacity to lead this country into a new era of unity, optimism and rationalism.

Living in Munich now (more on that later!), one of the things I can do is to raise money for the campaign. So, I've set a goal of raising $5000 for Obama by January 21st. And I need your help.

If you agree that Obama is the leader we need (and you're an American citizen or permanent resident), then I would urge you to contribute to the Obama primary campaign while there's still time to affect the outcome.

If you are a Republican or an independent, and don't plan to vote in the Democratic primaries, or if you have already contributed to another candidate, you can still send Obama $50 (or $500 ) if you believe he's the best of the Democratic options. There's nothing wrong with having a horse in each race, after all!

The link above will credit my personal fundraising campaign, but all of the money goes directly to Obama for America.  Just visit the link and click the 'Donate’ button next to the thermometer.